Conflict and war refer to manifestations of disputes between individuals, groups, or states that often escalate into armed confrontations. A conflict typically involves a disagreement or struggle over resources, values, or interests, which can be political, economic, social, or cultural in nature. When such disputes intensify and lead to organized and sustained military action, it transitions into war. Wars may involve state actors, non-state actors, or a combination of both and can manifest in various forms, including conventional warfare, guerrilla warfare, and civil wars.
Conflict and war can result from a complex interplay of factors, including historical grievances, competition for resources, or ideological differences. The outcomes of such events can significantly impact societies, leading to loss of life, displacement of populations, and long-term socio-economic and political changes. Understanding conflict and war entails examining both their immediate causes and broader historical and structural contexts, as well as prospects for resolution and peacebuilding efforts.
